The Basic Principles Of rheumatoid arthritis pathophysiology

The immune system of a lot of people are unable to differentiate between healthy cells from invading micro-organisms. This is leading to greater suffering throughout the world. Immune defenses against disease that used to protect them are now attacking their tissue and organs.




International research efforts are intensifying to combat this trend. An example is the London Francis Crick Institute initiative in which James Lee and Carola Vinesa two experts from around the world in the area, have formed distinct research groups that will assist in determining the exact causes of autoimmune disorders.


Lee stated that cases of autoimmune disease are increasing since the past 40 years in the west. But, we're now witnessing some cases emerge in countries that never had the disease before.


For example the Middle East/east Asia has seen the most recent increase in inflammatory-bowel disease cases. Before this, people had barely had any experience with the disease.


Type 1 diabetes is among the autoimmune disorders. Other ailments include rheumatoid disease, inflammatory bowel and multiple sclerosis. In each of these cases your immune system gets confused and switches to healthy tissue instead of the pathogens that cause infection.


Around 4 million people in the UK suffer from these conditions. Others may suffer more than one. In the world, it's thought that cases of autoimmune diseases are rising by between 3% and 9 percent per year. Researchers believe that environmental triggers are key to this rise.


Lee who was formerly in Cambridge University, says that human genetics hasn’t changed over the last decade. So something must be changing in the outside world in a manner that's increasing our predisposition to autoimmune disease.


This notion was endorsed by Vinuesa who was based at the Australian National University. She cited the changes in food habits that were occurring as more and more countries adopted western-style diets and people ate more fast food.


Vinuesa stated that fast-food meals are deficient in certain essential ingredients such as fiber. Research suggests that this change could affect a person's microbiome which is the accumulation of microorganisms that reside in our digestive tract. These microorganisms play an important role in controlling a variety of bodily functions.


These changes to our microbiomes are then triggering an autoimmune disease, and more than 100 kinds have now been discovered.


Both scientists said that individuals are more prone to developing these diseases. These include celiac as well as Lupus, which trigger inflammation and swelling and result in harm to various organs, including the heart.


Vinuesa claims that anyone who doesn't have a specific genetic predisposition will not develop an autoimmune disorder, regardless of how many Big Macs they eat. "There's nothing we can do to stop the worldwide spread of fast food franchises. Instead, our focus is in understanding the genetic factors that cause autoimmune diseases and how some people are more susceptible to the disease while others are not. "We would like to tackle the issue at this level."


This is made possible due to the advancement of methods which allow scientists to pinpoint tiny DNA differences among large numbers of individuals. It is possible to identify the common genetic patterns that are common to those suffering from an autoimmune disease.


In the past, we just didn't have the tools for that, but now we have this incredible power to analyze DNA on a massive scale. This has completely changed everything, said Lee. Inflammatory bowel diseases were only one of the variants we had at the time I started my studies. We now know more than 250.


Lee and Vinuesa concentrate their energies on this type of work. They are keen to find out more about genetic pathways that are involved and discover the root causes of diverse diseases they study. Vinuesa said that autoimmune diseases like Lupus, for example are present in various forms and can have multiple genetic reasons. This could have a negative influence on your ability discover the most effective treatment.


There are numerous effective new therapies in development however, we're not sure what patients they should be offered to. This is because we do not know the specific type of illness. This is a crucial goal in the field of autoimmune research. In order to deliver the best treatment, we need to be able to group and categorize patients.


Lee explained that the increasing incidence of autoimmune diseases across the globe means that new treatments and medications are required now more than ever. Lee also said that there's at present no treatment for autoimmune diseases. These tend to occur in young people trying to complete their studies, get a job, and start families.


This means that more people will need to undergo surgery and/or have frequent injections during their life. This could be extremely difficult for patients and put a strain on health care systems. This is the reason we have to find innovative, effective solutions.


Rheumatoid is an autoimmune condition. It is a condition where the immune system is attacking healthy tissue. It's not yet known the triggers behind it.


Your immune system naturally Check out creates antibodies to combat viruses and bacteria.


Your immune system could mistakenly send antibodies to your joints in the event that you have Rheumatoid. These antibodies attack the tissues around them.


This causes the thin layer, called synovium, of cells that cover your joints to become painful. The synovium also releases chemicals that could cause injury nearby.


bones

Cartilage is the connective tissue between bones which is made up of cartilage.

Tendons - the tissues that connects bone to muscle

ligaments - the tissues that connects bone and Click here cartilage

Rheumatoid arthritis can be treated but it is not controlled. The chemicals that cause it make the joint dislocated and out of alignment. This can lead to total destruction of the joint.


While there are many theories about how the immune system is attacking joints, none have been proved.

Possible risk factors

There are a variety of factors that can increase your chances of developing rheumatoid arthritis such as:


Your genes - There is some evidence suggesting that rheumatoid arthritis can be passed down through families. However, the probability of it being passed on to children is very low since genes only play an important influence on the condition.

Hormones - Rheumatoid Arthritis is more prevalent in women than for men. This could result from the effect of Oestrogen. But, the link is not yet established.

Smoking is a major risk cause for rheumatoid artifiid. There is evidence to support this.